Hello,
Actually this may require much work, but it's interesting if you take the correct procedure.
Ok, so first you have to define the specific function of the welding robot ( ex : Oxyacetylene welding. MIG/ TIG welding etc). This will make you decide which mechanism to choose (ex : scada, cylindrical, Cartesian, etc). According to type and nature of motion the robot is designed to do, you will choose the degrees of freedom, 3, 4, or 5 degrees of freedom.
At this stage you have all the givens, you just have to start designing the mechanical parts, and mechanical assembly, do some stress load and analysis. Then you use results to decide the size of motors and power supply your robot will need, after which you setup the feedback devices, you'll choose a group of sensor and transducers and where to place them, and how to control them. Then move on to PLC programming, design the ladder diagram, and install the program into your PLC. and you're done !
Good Luck !
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