If you ever weld on cast iron, in the manner you described, you would produce White C.I. in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). That, my friend, would be a disaster in the making.
The majority of vehicle spindles are made from drop forged steel. None are ever made of C.I. If you look at any finished hot forging product you will see the 'witness' of the parting line. These parts are made from a top and bottom die which mate together in a press, with the 2350 deg. F. steel forged between them. The excess steel squeezes out and creates 'flashing', or simply, the 'flash'. This flashing gets trimmed off and leaves a thin line of metal all he way around the part.
I have welded many spindles onto axles made of pipe, I-beams, etc. I have used E7018, Dual shield II, and solid mig wire. They all work fabulously on steel forgings. The heat of the arc will promote grain growth in the HAZ, which will slightly weaken the forging properties. but if you use proper welding procedures, you should have no problems with the weld ever breaking.
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