Strictly speaking, they mostly use a gas of some sort. Arc welding electrodes are coated with a material that, when heated gives off an inert gas (SMAW) which is usually CO2. MIG welding (GMAW) may use several different gasses (such as Argon or CO2) but the equipment can also use flux cored wire (FCAW) which works better in windy conditions.
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), or tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, is a manual welding process that uses a non-consumable electrode made of tungsten, an inert or semi-inert gas mixture, and a separate filler material. Especially useful for welding thin materials, this method is characterized by a stable arc and high quality welds, but it requires significant operator skill and can only be accomplished at relatively low speeds.
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