If the temperature of the bulk material is uneven or two objects with different temperatures are in contact with each other, the heat will automatically spread from the high temperature area to the low temperature area. This phenomenon is called heat conduction. Experiments show that for a uniform metal rod with temperatures T and T at both ends, when the temperature at each point does not change with time (steady state), the heat flux q passing through the vertical section per unit time is proportional to the temperature gradient of the rod .
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