In a good weld, the filler metal and the base metal melt together then solidify, so it's not as simple as scraping glue off a piece of wood. To get all of the weld metal off, you need to grind off some of the base metal also. If you grind a weld away so the surface(s) are flush, there will still be some weld metal mixed with the base metal where the weld was. That can sometimes be hidden pretty well, but it's usually possible to detect it with close inspection, liquid penetrant testing, or other techniques.
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